Genitourinary CancersOverviewProstate cancerBladder cancer
Thumbnail image for Genetourinary cancer overview chapter

Genitourinary cancer overview

Genitourinary (GU) cancers such as prostate and bladder cancer are some of the most common cancers in the United States.1 This chapter describes how the cancers can be associated with familial susceptibility and how biomarker testing can determine whether or not a patient is likely to develop them.

Download Resource

Prostate cancer

Defects in HRR (homologous recombination repair) and MMR (mismatch repair) are common drivers in prostate cancers. Testing for mutations in genes involved in HRR, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 (breast cancer genes 1 and 2), and in genes key to MMR like MLH1 (mutL homolog 1), can identify patients susceptible to developing prostate cancer, inform prognosis, and impact treatment decisions in patients with metastatic disease.2-5

Thumbnail image for molecular biomarkers and guideline recommendations for prostate cancer precision medicine chapter

Prostate cancer molecular biomarkers and guideline recommendations

Learn about the recent developments in prostate cancer biomarkers, including guideline recommendations for both germline and somatic tumor testing.

Download Resource
Thumbnail image for biomarker testing sample requirements, methods, and opportunities for prostate cancer precision medicine chapter

Prostate cancer biomarker testing sample requirements, methods, and opportunities

Review how to test for actionable biomarkers with a focus on optimizing the diagnostic journey and biomarker testing.

Download Resource

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is a genetically heterogenous disease and biomarker testing can inform optimal treatment selection for patients.6-8

Thumbnail image for Bladder cancer biomarkers and guideline recommendations for Precision Medicine chapter

Bladder cancer molecular biomarkers and guideline recommendations

Biomarker testing can inform optimal biomarker testing selection for patients. Review guideline-recommended treatment for bladder cancer.

Download Resource
Thumbnail image for current and future recommendations in Precision Medicine chapter

Bladder cancer sample requirements, testing methods, and opportunities

Review the types of biomarker tests that are currently recommended by professional guidelines and explore novel testing methods that are being developed to overcome current gaps in clinical practice.

Download Resource
Thumbnail image for carcinoma in situ risk-stratification infographic Precision Medicine chapter

Carcinoma in situ risk-stratification infographic

Learn about how CIS (carcinoma in situ) contributes to high risk in NMIBC (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer)9, implications for management, and best practices for appropriate treatment.

Coming Soon

References

  1. Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12–49.
  2. Fenton SE, VanderWeeler DJ, Rebbeck TR, et al. Advancing prostate cancer care: treatment approaches to precision medicine, biomarker innovations, and equitable access. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2024;44(3):e433138. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_433138
  3. Sarhadi VK, Armengol G. Molecular biomarkers in cancer. Biomolecules. 2022;12(8):1021.
  4. Martínez-Jiménez F, Muiños F, Sentís I, et al. A compendium of mutation cancer driver genes. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20(10):555–572.
  5. Tuffaha H, Edmunds K, Fairbairn D, et al. Guidelines for genetic testing in prostate cancer: a scoping review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2043;27(4):594–603.
  6. Mohanty SK, Lobo A, Mishra SK, et al. Precision medicine in bladder cancer: present challenges and future directions. J Pers Med. 2023;13(5):756.
  7. Luceno CF, Jeon WJ, Samaeekia R, et al. Precision medicine to treat urothelial carcinoma – the way forward. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(11):3024.
  8. Yu SH, Kim SS, Kim S, et al. FGFR3 mutations in urothelial carcinoma: a single-center study using next-generation sequencing. J Clin Med. 2024;13(5):1305.
  9. Llano A, Chan A, Kuk C, et al. Carcinoma In Situ (CIS): Is there a difference in efficacy between various BCG strains? A comprehensive review of the literature. Cancers (Basel). 2024:16(2):245.